50+ Frequently Asked Questions

All-inclusive from ₹8,999 covering government fees, DSC, DIN, SPICe+ filing, MOA/AOA, PAN/TAN. No hidden charges. 5–15 working days.

Pvt Ltd if you plan to raise VC/angel funding (can issue equity shares). LLP for professional practices and bootstrapped businesses (lighter compliance). OPC for solo entrepreneurs.

5–15 working days depending on MCA processing times and name availability. SPICe+ integrates PAN, TAN, GST, EPFO, and ESIC in a single application.

A company with a single member and one nominee under Section 2(62) of the Companies Act, 2013. Limited liability protection with simplified compliance.

No minimum paid-up capital requirement since the 2015 amendment. You can start with as low as ₹1. Authorised capital of ₹1 lakh is common.

Yes. NRIs and foreign nationals can be directors and shareholders. At least one director must be an Indian resident (stayed in India for 182+ days). FDI reporting via FC-GPR is required.

Annual return (MGT-7A), financial statements (AOC-4), board meetings (minimum 4/year), AGM within 6 months of FY end, DIR-3 KYC for directors, and income tax return filing.

File application under Section 366 of the Companies Act with MCA. Requires NOCs from creditors, consent of partners. Takes 2–3 months.

A professional registered with IBBI under the IBBI (Registered Valuers) Regulations, 2017. Only Registered Valuers can issue valuation reports under the Companies Act (Section 247) and IBC.

Pre-revenue valuation from ₹25,000. Growth-stage DCF from ₹50,000. Multi-framework (FEMA + Income Tax + 409A) from ₹1,00,000. 18 methods with Monte Carlo simulations.

18 valuation methods including DCF, comparable company analysis, comparable transaction analysis, NAV, venture capital method, option pricing models, and Monte Carlo simulations.

Standard: 5–7 working days. Express: 2–3 working days. IBC valuations follow CIRP statutory timelines.

Yes. We use Berkus, scorecard, venture capital, and revenue ramp Bayesian methods for pre-revenue companies. 10,000 Monte Carlo simulations model uncertainty.

Section 247 of the Companies Act, 2013 mandates valuation by an IBBI Registered Valuer for mergers, amalgamations, share buy-back, and other corporate actions.

Fair value (Ind AS 113) is the exit price in an orderly transaction. Fair market value (Income Tax Act) is the price between a willing buyer and seller with reasonable knowledge.

Yes. We issue IBBI-compliant valuation certificates for collateral assessment, working capital limits, term loan appraisals, and one-time settlement proposals.

Fair value of stock options under Ind AS 102 / IFRS 2 using Black-Scholes or Binomial models. Mandatory for Ind AS expense recognition and SEBI SBEB compliance.

US IRC Section 409A requires independent fair market value determination for stock options granted by companies with US operations. Protects employees from 20% penalty tax.

Valuation of shares issued to employees or directors in exchange for intellectual property or know-how. Governed by Section 54 of the Companies Act and Rule 8.

Grant date fair value × number of options expected to vest, recognized over the vesting period. Black-Scholes for plain options, Binomial lattice for performance-linked ESOPs.

FDI reporting (FC-GPR/FC-TRS), ECB compliance, ODI advisory, LRS guidance, FEMA compounding for late filings, and cross-regulatory conflict detection.

For unlisted companies, yes in practice. Rule 21 of NDI Rules requires internationally accepted pricing methodology but RBI and AD banks consistently require DCF.

Late FC-GPR constitutes a FEMA contravention under Section 15. Compounding proceedings with potential penalties up to 3× the amount involved.

A process under Section 15 of FEMA, 1999 where contraventions are settled by paying a compounding fee to RBI. It regularises the non-compliance.

Yes, under the automatic route for most sectors. NRIs can invest via FDI (equity), NCD, or convertible notes. FC-GPR filing within 30 days of allotment is mandatory.

A loan raised by an Indian entity from a non-resident lender. Requires compliance with all-in-cost ceiling, minimum average maturity, end-use restrictions, and monthly ECB-2 reporting to RBI.

Yes. Section 107 appeals, Section 112 (GST Tribunal), and DRC-01 SCN responses. AI-assisted order analysis extracts demand amounts and computes pre-deposits.

Section 107 (Appellate Authority): 3 months. Section 112 (Tribunal): 3 months. Pre-deposit: 10% for first appeal, additional 20% for tribunal.

₹40 lakhs for goods, ₹20 lakhs for services, ₹10 lakhs for special category states. Mandatory registration for interstate supply regardless of turnover.

A declaration filed in Form GST RFD-11 by exporters to make exports without payment of IGST. Valid for one financial year.

File response in DRC-06 within 30 days. Include point-wise rebuttal with supporting documents, relevant case law, and reconciliation statements.

Rule 42 and 43 of CGST Rules require proportional ITC reversal for inputs used in exempt and taxable supplies. Non-reversal results in demand with 18% interest.

File Form 35 on the e-filing portal within 30 days of the assessment order. Include grounds of appeal, statement of facts, and supporting documents.

The Principal CIT can revise an AO order if erroneous and prejudicial to revenue. Challenge before ITAT within 60 days of the revision order.

Penalty of 100% to 300% of tax sought to be evaded for concealment of income or furnishing inaccurate particulars. Ambiguous penalty orders are void.

Eligible businesses with turnover up to ₹3 crore can declare 6%/8% of turnover as income. No books of accounts required. Professionals use Section 44ADA (50% of gross receipts).

Section 197 allows taxpayers to apply for nil/lower TDS where actual tax liability is significantly lower than TDS being deducted. Filed in Form 13.

Tax payable during the financial year in quarterly instalments: 15% by June 15, 45% by September 15, 75% by December 15, and 100% by March 15.

Certified Fraud Examiner — a credential from ACFE USA for fraud prevention, detection, investigation, and deterrence.

Yes. CFE-led financial due diligence for PE/VC investors covering financial statement analysis, fraud risk indicators, and regulatory compliance review.

A statistical technique used in forensic accounting to detect anomalies in financial data. Deviations from the expected digit distribution signal potential manipulation or fraud.

Yes. Our forensic reports are prepared to evidentiary standards and have been used in criminal complaints, civil suits, and arbitration proceedings.

Documentation required under Section 92D for international and specified domestic transactions. Includes Master File, Local File, and CbCR depending on group turnover.

Transactions between related parties must be priced as if between independent enterprises. Five methods under Section 92C: CUP, RPM, CPM, PSM, and TNMM.

An agreement between taxpayer and CBDT determining arm's length price for future transactions. Valid for up to 5 years with rollback for 4 prior years.

Recognition under Startup India for companies incorporated for less than 10 years with turnover below ₹100 crore. Benefits include tax exemption under Section 80-IAC.

Tax on share premium received by an unlisted company from resident investors exceeding fair market value. Rule 11UA prescribes DCF or NAV methods for FMV determination.

Board composition, anti-dilution rights, liquidation preference, drag-along/tag-along rights, ROFR, vesting schedules, information rights, and exit mechanisms.

Simple Agreement for Future Equity — converts to equity at a future priced round with a valuation cap and/or discount. Increasingly used in India for early-stage fundraising.

Chennai (HQ — Spencer Plaza, Anna Salai), Bangalore (MG Road), and Mumbai (Goregaon West). All services available pan-India.

Yes. 30-minute complimentary consultation. Call +91 99622 60333 or email support@virtualauditor.in.

FCA, ACS, CFE (ACFE USA), and IBBI Registered Valuer (IBBI/RV/03/2019/12333) for Securities & Financial Assets.

Yes. Monthly financial reporting, MIS, cash flow management, board meeting support, statutory compliance tracking, and investor-ready reporting.

Share your latest audited financials and purpose of the certificate. We issue net worth certificates, turnover certificates, and various certifications for tenders and regulatory filings.