DSC for Company Registration: Class 2 vs Class 3, Process & Cost Featured Answer: A Digital Signature Certificate (DSC) is mandatory for company registration in India. Every proposed director must obtain a DSC before filing the SPICe+ incorporation form on the MCA portal. Since 1 January 2021, the MCA accepts only Class 3 DSCs with […]
Category Archives: Incorporation of company
Company Registration in Mumbai: Process, Cost & Compliance Featured Answer: Registering a company in Mumbai involves filing the SPICe+ form with the Registrar of Companies (ROC), Mumbai, paying Maharashtra-specific stamp duty on the MOA and AOA, and obtaining mandatory local registrations including the Maharashtra Shop and Establishment Act licence and Professional Tax Registration Certificate (PTRC). […]
Company Registration in Bangalore: Startup Hub Guide Featured Answer: Bangalore (Bengaluru) is India’s leading startup ecosystem and technology hub. Registering a company in Bangalore involves filing SPICe+ with ROC Bangalore, paying Karnataka-specific stamp duty and complying with Karnataka Professional Tax and Karnataka Shops and Commercial Establishments Act. The Karnataka government’s startup policy and KIADB incentives […]
DPIIT Startup Recognition: Tax Benefits, IPR & Self-Certification Featured Answer: DPIIT (Department for Promotion of Industry and Internal Trade) Startup Recognition is a government certification that unlocks tax exemptions under Section 80IAC of the Income Tax Act (3-year tax holiday on profits), exemption from angel tax under Section 56(2)(viib), self-certification under 9 labour and 3 […]
Cryptocurrency & Digital Asset Valuation: Methods, Tax & RBI/SEBI Framework Featured Answer: Cryptocurrency and digital asset valuation in India involves applying market, cost, and income approaches to virtual digital assets (VDAs) including cryptocurrencies, NFTs, and DeFi protocol tokens. The valuation must account for extreme volatility, liquidity constraints, forked coins, and regulatory uncertainty. Under Indian tax […]
TDS Default Notice: Section 201 Response Strategy, Penalties Under Section 234E & 271C Quick Answer A TDS default notice under Section 201(1) of the Income Tax Act, 1961 declares the deductor as an “assessee in default” for failing to deduct TDS or for deducting but not depositing it with the government. This triggers interest under […]
Independent Director: Appointment, Tenure, Remuneration & Liability under Companies Act 2013 Author: CA V. Viswanathan, IBBI Registered Valuer (Reg. No. IBBI/RV/03/2019/12333) | Published: 20 March 2026 | Vertical: Company Secretary Services Featured Answer: An independent director is a non-executive director who has no material or pecuniary relationship with the company, its promoters, or its management. […]
Secretarial Audit: Section 204 Applicability & MR-3 Report Featured Answer: Secretarial Audit under Section 204 of the Companies Act, 2013 is a comprehensive compliance audit conducted by a Company Secretary in Practice (PCS). It is mandatory for every listed company and every company belonging to prescribed classes — those with paid-up share capital of ₹50 […]
GST Advance Ruling: AAR & AAAR Procedure Under Sections 95-106 CGST Act Quick Answer The Advance Ruling mechanism under Sections 95 to 106 of the CGST Act allows any registered person or a person desirous of obtaining registration to seek a binding ruling from the Authority for Advance Ruling (AAR) on questions of classification, rate, […]
Trademark Registration India: Process, Fees, Timeline & Objection Handling (2026) Quick Answer Trademark registration in India is governed by the Trade Marks Act, 1999 (as amended) and the Trade Marks Rules, 2017. A trademark protects brand names, logos, taglines, sounds, and other distinctive marks from unauthorised use. The registration is filed online through the IP […]